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Resilience of people with a history of mental disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic: a 2-years longitudinal prospective study
- I. Pinucci, L. Tarsitani, F. Tedeschi, M. Patanè, R. Serra, D. Papola, C. Palantza, C. Acartürk, R. Bryant, S. Burchert, D. Fuhr, B. J. Hall, E. Mittendorfer-Rutz, N. Morina, C. Panter-Brick, S. Quero, S. Seedat, H. Setyowibowo, J. van der Waerden, M. Pasquini, M. Sijbrandij, C. Barbui
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, pp. S77-S78
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Introduction
During the COVID-19 pandemic, people with mental disorders were exposed to a common and prolonged source of stress. Studies focusing on the consequences of the pandemic on individuals with a history of mental disorder are scarce, but they suggest a higher vulnerability as compared to the general population.
ObjectivesWe aimed at identifying predictors of stress resilience maintained over time among these people during the first two years of the pandemic.
MethodsThe presented study is part of a larger 2-year, 5-wave international longitudinal online survey.
The Patient Health Questionnaire, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale and the PTSD Checklist DSM-5 were used as latent class indicators for a proxy measure of distress. Specifically, a Latent-Class Analysis was performed to identify a group that showed resilient outcomes across all waves.
We investigated socio-demographic characteristics, economic and housing status, lifestyle and habits, pandemic-related issues, and chronic disease. Adherence to and approval of the restrictions imposed, trust in governments and the scientific community during the pandemic were also assessed. Social support, fear of contamination and personal values were investigated respectively through the Oslo Social Support Scale, the Padua Inventory, and the Portrait Values Questionnaire. The aforementioned characteristics were used to predict sustained resilience through a logistic regression.
ResultsA total of 1711 participants out of the total sample (8011 participants from 13 different countries) reported a diagnosis of mental disorder before the pandemic. Nine hundred forty-three participants completed at least three of the five versions of the survey and were included in the analysis. A latent class of participants with resilience maintained over time (sustained resilience) was identified, with an estimated probability of 24.8%. The demographic and clinical variables associated with a higher chance of sustained resilience were older age, maintaining a job during the pandemic, and having a larger number of people in the household. In contrast, female gender, losing job during the pandemic, having difficulty meeting basic needs, greater fear of contamination, a stronger focus on hedonism, less social support and feeling lonely resulted in a lower likelihood of being sustained resilient.
ConclusionsThis study identified a number of factors that may help predict resilient outcomes maintained over time in people with mental disorders. COVID-19 related predictors of sustained resilience are new findings which might inform resilience-building interventions during pandemics.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Thyroid Hormones and the Psychomotor Development of the Newborn
- S. Ares, J. Quero, G. Morreale de Escobar
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 24 / Issue S1 / January 2009
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 16 April 2020, 24-E157
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Iodine is a trace element which is essential for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. If maternal iodine deficiency in pregnancy is severe, fetal brain damage will occur. This damage is irreversible after birth. Mild/moderate iodine deficiency during pregnancy and early postnatal life is associated with neuro/psycho-intellectual deficits in infants and children. The severity is not only related to the degree of iodine deficiency, but also to the developmental phase during which it is suffered, the most severe being the consequence of iodine deficiency during the first two trimesters of pregnancy. The close involvement between human brain development and thyroid hormones is widely accepted. The effects of T3 on the central nervous system are mediated by the regulation of the expression of genes that synthesize proteins implicated in cerebral neurogenesis, neuronal migration and differentiation, axonal outgrowth, dendritic ontogeny, and synaptogenesis. They are also necessary for cerebellar neurogenesis (predominantly during early postnatal life), gliogenesis (predominantly during late fetal life to 6 months postnatally), and myelogenesis (during the second trimester of gestation to 2 years of postnatal life). From clinical studies on the effect of iodine deficiency of both mother and fetus it becomes clear that T4 is required for brain development during gestation.
Low T4 levels during neonatal life could be a negative factor contributing to the neurodevelopmental problems of very preterm infants. Indeed, retrospective studies have shown a relationship between hypothyroxinemia and developmental delay and an increased risk of disabling cerebral palsy.